Advocacy interventions and the prevention of gender-based violence in refugee settings: evidence from Rwamwanja Refugee settlement, Uganda

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive public health and human rights issue in humanitarian settings, particularly affecting refugee populations that experience elevated levels of violence due to weakened community protection systems and disrupted social structures. Uganda, hosting one of the largest refugee populations in Africa, exemplifies this challenge despite significant efforts by governmental bodies, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Advocacy has emerged as a vital intervention to raise awareness, transform harmful gender norms, and enhance survivor protection in GBV prevention. However, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of advocacy in low-income refugee settlements remains scarce. This study investigated the impact of NGO advocacy interventions on GBV prevention in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement, Kamwenge District, Uganda, utilizing a cross-sectional design with both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected from refugee households, NGO staff, community leaders, and local officials through structured questionnaires and interviews. Findings revealed that advocacy initiatives significantly enhanced GBV prevention, with community awareness campaigns improving knowledge of survivors' rights and reporting mechanisms. Regular dialogues fostered positive attitudes toward gender equality, while policy advocacy bolstered institutional collaboration and access to survivor services. Legal literacy initiatives increased GBV reporting and community trust in justice systems. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant positive correlation between advocacy efforts and GBV prevention outcomes. This study underscores the importance of multi-level advocacy strategies that integrate community mobilization, legal empowerment, and institutional engagement to effectively address GBV in humanitarian contexts. Continued investment in advocacy programs and partnerships is crucial for achieving sustainable reductions in GBV within refugee settlements.