Parental socio-economic status and educational achievement of pupils in universal primary education schools in Kangulumira town council, Kayunga district

This study examined the influence of parental socio-economic status on the educational achievement of pupils in Universal Primary Education (UPE) schools in Kangulumira Town Council. The study was guided by the increasing concern over disparities in pupils’ academic performance despite the implementation of free primary education in Uganda. The research focused on how parental education level, occupation, income, and family background affect pupils’ learning achievement. A descriptive research design was adopted using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected from pupils, parents, and teachers through questionnaires, interviews, and observation methods. Findings revealed that parental education, occupational status, and income significantly influence pupils’ academic performance. Pupils from families with educated and economically stable parents demonstrated better academic achievement compared to pupils from low socio-economic backgrounds. The study concluded that parental socio-economic status remains a major determinant of educational achievement even within the UPE framework. The study recommends strengthening parental involvement in education, promoting adult literacy, and increasing government support to disadvantaged households.