Lifestyle and demographic factors associated with prostate-specific antigen in prostate cancer patients at Federal University Dutse Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Background: Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men worldwide. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a key biomarker for its screening and monitoring. However, PSA levels can be influenced by demographic and lifestyle factors, which may impact its reliability in clinical decision-making. Objective: To assess the association between PSA levels and demographic and lifestyle characteristics, including age, BMI, and occupation, among prostate cancer patients. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 90 histologically confirmed prostate cancer patients at Federal University Dutse Teaching Hospital, Jigawa State, Nigeria. PSA levels were measured using ELISA, while demographic and lifestyle data were obtained via structured questionnaires. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to analyze associations, with significance set at p