Enhancing the resilience and efficiency of microgrids through optimal integration of renewable energy sources and intelligent control systems: A review

Microgrids (MGs) are a critical component in modern power systems, comprising interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (DERs) that can operate autonomously or in conjunction with the main grid. This review examines the role of MGs in advancing smart grid technologies, emphasizing the optimal integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems (ESS) to enhance their resilience and efficiency. It provides a detailed analysis of various MG architectures, including AC, DC, and hybrid topologies, alongside their operational modes. The paper highlights the pivotal role of control systems in optimizing energy management within MGs. Additionally, the challenges associated with MG integration, such as harmonic distortion, system stability, and regulatory constraints, are discussed. The review further explores the application of intelligent control strategies, including Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs), to optimize battery energy storage systems (BESS) and improve overall MG performance. The findings emphasize the need for innovative optimization techniques and intelligent control systems to overcome current limitations, thus enhancing the potential of MGs in future energy systems