Short message system-enhanced occupancy adaptive lighting system with real-time overcrowding control

The traditional indoor lighting systems are unnecessary since they use energy to light up fully regardless of the presence of occupants. This paper introduces a lighting system based on microcontroller, which can dynamically regulate light based on the occupancy in real-time and provide alerts in case of overcrowding in the room. The prototype will have four ultrasonic sensors and a door-mounted reed switch to count the occupancy in both directions, which will be controlled by an Arduino Uno controller. The lighting level is controlled by pulse-width modulation and a GSM module is used to send SMS notifications when the occupancy level is surpassed. The system was evaluated experimentally in a 4 x 4m controlled environment to compare its performance to that of a fixed-output lighting system. Findings indicated that the mean detection accuracy of 200 trials was 92 percent and the average energy saving was 45 percent with a maximum saving of 62 percent when it was lowly occupied. Alerts on overcrowding came in less than 1.2 seconds, which was in line with real-time responsiveness. It has been shown that cost-effective and edge-based platforms are able to provide effective lighting control and occupant safety monitoring functionality without relying on a cloud platform or sophisticated networking infrastructure.