Investigation of influential factors in Mali’s prototype mosques: A case study of the Djenné Great Mosque

The Great Mosque of Djenné in Mali is the largest mud-brick (adobe) building in the world and one of the most notable examples of Sudano-Sahelian architecture. Beyond Djenné, its architectural impact has shaped mosque architecture throughout Mali and the larger West African region. Using the Great Mosque of Djenné as a case study, this paper explores the major elements determining the architectural form of Mali's prototype mosques. The study uses a qualitative case-study methodology, integrating comparative stylistic analysis, architectural analysis, and literature-based assessment of material, cultural, and climatic variables. To find commonalities and differences, comparisons are made with a few regional architectural traditions, such as Moroccan, Tokolar, Plain, and Neo-Sudanese styles. The results show that the Djenné Great Mosque's architectural shape is the outcome of a dynamic interaction between the surrounding environment, locally accessible materials, and deeply ingrained religious and cultural customs. The study comes to the conclusion that the mosque's enduring form and its function as a model influencing mosque construction throughout the Sahelian region are due to this integrated interplay of elements.